Topic Cardiovascular System Essays - Angiology, Circulatory System

Topic: Cardiovascular System Student: Norairka Gonzalez Pirez School: Advance Science Institute Class: Anatomy and Physiology Professor: Yuliza Chao Cuba Date: 02-08-2016 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The human organism contains eleven organ systems, all of them make different functions and have strong interrelationship, they work together in the maintenance of the homeostasis in the body. One of the mo re important systems is the Cardiovascular, which is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body and is composed by the heart, blood vessels and blood. The heart The heart is known as the body's hardest-working organ because is the pump that impulses the circulation of the blood through the human body. Is located in the mediastinum in the thoracic region, the upper part or base lies below the second rib and connects to the great blood vessels of the body: the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary veins. The bottom tip of the heart or apex lies on the diaphragm turned to the left, for that reason about 2/3 of the heart is located on the body's left side with the other 1/3 on right. The heart is made up muscular cardiac tissue, has four chambers, one septum and four valves. T he size of the heart is like a person's closed fist, and in adults the normal weight average is 310 grams for male and 225 grams for female. 1266825508000 The heart pumps over 5 liters of blood throughout the body in a minute, what is call Cardiac Output. This is possible because the cardiac electrical activity makes the heart contract and relax the atriums and ventricles. Like the Pleura protects the lungs, and the Peritoneum protects internal organs in the abdominal cavity, the heart is protected by the Pericardium, which is a membrane divided in Parietal (outermost part near to the ribs) and Visceral (inner part rounding the Epicardium). T he presence of lubricating serous fluids makes the Pericardium provides protection to the heart against friction. The heart is also protected by tree layers: Endocardium: the inner part Myocardium: the medium and muscular part Epicardium or Serous Pericardium : the outer part 3829050000 Circulatory Loops There are two major circulatory loops in the human organism: Pulmonary or Minor circulation loop Systemic circulation loop Minor circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right part of the heart to the lungs, where the blood obtains oxygen and returns to the left part of the heart. We have two chambers of the heart working in the pulmonary circulation loop; the right atrium and right ventricle. The Systemic circulation moves highly oxygenated blood from the left part of the heart to the whole body, except lungs, removing wastes in the organism and returning deoxygenated blood to the right part of the heart. We have two chambers working in the Systemic circulation loop; left atrium and left ventricle. Blood vessels Arteries They carry extremely oxygenated blood away from the heart, with exception of the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. The arteries can be Elastic (largest in the body) like the Aorta, Muscular (carry blood to specific organs) like the Gastric, Arterioles (smallest named as group). Capillaries They are the smallest and thinnest of the blood vessels in the body, also the most common, and connect to arterioles on one end and venules on the other. They are present in vascular and avascular tissue. The Capillaries can be True ( receive blood flow out metarterioles), Continuous (typical in skeletal muscle) and Sinusoid (has a much larger lumen and more winding than other capillary vessels). Veins They are the large vessels that carries blood toward the heart, also subjected to very low blood pressures, because of that the walls of veins are much thinner, less elastic, and less muscular than the walls of arteries. The Venules are the smallest veins. The veins contain valves that prevent blood from flowing away from the heart. 1562100889000 Blood The human body contains about 4 to 6 liters of blood. Blood is a liquid connective tissue that transports oxygen from the lungs, provides the cells with nutrients, transports hormones and removes waste products. Also helps to maintain temperature